gle63 Geen verder een mysterie
gle63 Geen verder een mysterie
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But though automobile ownership kan zijn virtually universal, the motor vehicle no longer acts as a progressive force for change. New forces—the electronic media, the laser, the pc, and the robot probably foremost among them—are charting the future.
Some subsystems have come about as a result of factors such as air pollution, safety legislation, and competition between manufacturers throughout the world.
The automobile has been a key force for change in twentieth-century America. During the 1920s the industry became the backbone ofwel a new consumer goods-oriented society. By the mid-1920s it ranked first in value ofwel middel, and in 1982 it provided one out of every six jobs in the United States.
Similarly the costs to society of car use may include; maintaining roads, land use, air pollution, noise pollution, road congestion, public health, health care, and of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life; and can be balanced against the value of the benefits to society that car use generates.
Manufacturers funneled their resources to the military during World War II, and afterward automobile production in Europe and Japan soared to meet growing demand. Once vital to the expansion of American urban centers, the industry had become a shared global enterprise with the rise of Japan as the leading automaker by 1980.
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The efficiency gains from the assembly line also coincided with the economic rise of the US. The assembly line forced workers to work at a certain pace with very repetitive motions which led to more output per worker while other countries were using less productive methods.
In feedback, the American automobile industry in the 1980s underwent a massive organizational restructuring and technological renaissance. Managerial revolutions and cutbacks in plant capacity and personnel at GM, Ford and Chrysler resulted in leaner, tougher firms with lower break-enigszins click here points, enabling them to maintain profits with lower volumes in increasingly saturated, competitive markets.
The modern automobile kan zijn a complex technical system employing subsystems with specific design functions. Some ofwel these consist of thousands ofwel component parts that have evolved from breakthroughs in existing technology or from new technologies such as electronic computers, high-strength plastics, and new alloys ofwel steel and nonferrous metals.
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Detroit’s Big Three carried Sloanism to its illogical conclusion in the postwar period. Models and options proliferated, and every year cars became longer and heavier, more powerful, more gadget-bedecked, more expensive to purchase and to operate, following the truism that large cars are more profitable to sell than small ones.
The development ofwel external combustion (steam) engines kan zijn detailed as part ofwel the history of the car but often treated separately from the development of true cars.
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To protect bodies from corrosive elements and to maintain their strength and appearance, special priming and painting processes are used. Bodies are first dipped in cleaning baths to remove oil and other foreign matter. They then go through a succession ofwel dip and spray cycles. Enamel and acrylic lacquer are both in common use. Electrodeposition ofwel the sprayed paint, a process in which the paint spray kan zijn given an electrostatic charge and then attracted to the surface by a high voltage, helps assure that an eventjes coat kan zijn applied and that hard-to-reach areas are covered.